A smooth customization service flow is the guarantee for a company to attract customers. Shanghai Boqu Instrument Co., Ltd. now has formulated a complete set of customization service system. The first step is communication between both parties and the requirements collection. It's necessary for us to know the exact requirements of customization information like color, shape, and accurate specifications. The second step goes to sample making. We will deliver the sample to customers within the appointed time. Then, the next step is sample confirmation and contract signing. Every detail will be stated clearly in the contract which is confirmed by both parties. The last step is quality checking and finished products shipment. We promise the finished customized products will be delivered to customers safe and sound.

Boqu Instrument has extensive knowledge in the production and R&D of cod analyzer. Boqu Instrument has created a number of successful series, and laboratory water quality meter is one of them. Conventional and special processing techniques are used in BOQU laboratory ph meter production. They include welding, cutting, and honing. It is highly praised for its automatic temperature and pressure compensation function. The online phosphate analyzer is very convenient and easy to handle for its high performance. With a high-definition LCD display, it can show the measurement results clearly.

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One of the calculations of PH is the commonly used H+ concentration to represent the acidity and alkalinity of the solution. When [H+] is less than 1mol L-1, for the convenience of use, the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration is commonly used, that is, -lg[H+] to represent the solution The acidity, and called pH, that is, pH = -lg [H +]. [H+]·[OH-]=Kw in the aqueous solution of any substance, Kw=1×10-14 at room temperature. [H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol L-1 in pure water, then pH= -lg[H+]=7. In other neutral solutions [H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol L-1, the pH is also 7; in acidic solutions [H+]>[OH-], the pH7. The negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration can also be expressed as pOH, then the pH of the solution + pOH = 14, pH=14 - pOH. The key to calculating the pH of a solution is to correctly calculate the [H+] of various solutions, the specific calculation is as follows: Example 1 Calculate the pH of 0.01mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution. Solution Hydrochloric acid is a strong electrolyte, and it is completely ionized in water [H+]=0.01mol·L-1pH=-lg[H+]=-lg 0.01=2 Answer The pH of the solution is 2. Example 2 Calculate the pH of c=0.1mol·L-1 acetic acid solution (degree of ionization α=1.34%). Acetic acid solution is partial ionization of weak electrolyte in water [H+]=α·C=1.34%×0.1 =1.34×10-3(mol·L-1) pH= -lg[H+]=-lg 1.34×10-3= 2.87 Answer The pH of the solution is 2.87. Example 3 Calculate the pH of c(NaOH)=0.1mol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution. Solve NaOH as a strong electrolyte and fully ionize in water [OH-]=0.1mol L-1 pH= -lg[H+]=-lg10-13=13 Another algorithm: pH=14-pOH=14-(-lg[ OH-])=14-1=13 The pH of the sodium hydroxide solution is 13. Example 4 The pH of a certain solution is 5. Calculate the concentration of H+ and OH- in this solution. Solution pH=5=-lg[H+] [H+]=10-5（mol·L-1） Answer The concentration of H+ in this solution is 10-5mol·L-1, and the concentration of OH- is 10-9mol·L- 1 pH Calculation II 1. The pH of a simple acid-base solution is from pH= -lg[H+], only [H+] is required. (1) Monobasic strong acid: [H+]=C acid Binary strong acid: [H+]=2C acid Weak acid: [H+]=Cα, then find the pH. (2) Monobasic strong base [OH-]=C base, binary strong base: [OH-]=2C base, 2. Dilution of strong acid and strong base (1) The pH increases during the dilution process of strong acid, and the [H+] of the diluted solution can be calculated first, and then the pH. (2) When the pH decreases after dilution with a strong base, the [OH-] in the solution after dilution should be calculated first, and then [H+] to obtain the pH. (3) For extremely dilute solutions, the ionization of water should be considered. The pH of the acid solution cannot be greater than 7, and the pH of the alkaline solution cannot be less than 7. 3. Mixing of strong acid and strong alkali solutions in equal volume: If the pH difference is more than 2 units, 'pH mixed = pH small + 0.3' If the pH difference is 1 unit, 'pH mixed = pH small + 0.26' (2) Two strong bases are mixed : When mixing equal volumes: If the pH difference is more than 2 units, 'pH mixing = pH big -0.3' If the pH difference is 1 unit, 'pH mixing = pH big -0.26' (3) Strong acid and strong alkali solution mixing: If it is just right And, the solution pH=7. Then ask for [H+] to mix, and then ask for pH.

The total phosphorus online analyzer is based on the molybdenum blue method. Polyphosphate and phosphorus-containing compounds are hydrolyzed under acidic conditions of high temperature and high pressure to form orthophosphate. Sodium persulfate further oxidizes other stable phosphorus-containing compounds into orthophosphate. . Orthophosphate ions are in a strong acid solution containing molybdate, and the resulting antimony compound is reduced to blue phosphomolybdate by ascorbic acid. The absorbance of phosphomolybdate is measured to complete the determination of total phosphorus in the sample. Water samples containing suspended solids need to be processed by the sample pretreatment system before entering the analyzer. The system adopts a new vacuum negative pressure sample collection and transmission and advanced ultrasonic crushing technology to crush all suspended solids and introduce them into the analyzer for measurement. Accurately analyze all phosphorus in water samples. Advantages of total phosphorus analyzer instrument components: 1. Temperature control: Imported temperature measuring components are selected to form a precise temperature control system, and temperature compensation technology is used to overcome the influence of temperature drift and ensure that the sample reaction conditions are more in line with the requirements. 2. Optical components: select the dual beams that are rarely used in domestic on-line monitoring instruments, and the detection will not be affected by various environmental factors. Automatically correct system errors, improve instrument measurement accuracy, stability and repeatability. 3. The unique design makes it have lower failure rate, lower maintenance, lower reagent consumption and higher cost performance than similar products. 4. Sampling components: peristaltic pump negative pressure suction, there is always an air buffer between the reagent and the pump tube to avoid corrosion of the pump tube. 5. Selection of valve components: imported components from the United States, Japan or Germany. International mainstream fluid components, smaller dead volume, easier operation. 6. Sealed digestion components: high-temperature and high-pressure digestion system, which speeds up the reaction process and overcomes the corrosion of equipment caused by volatilization of corrosive gases in open systems. 7. Reagent tube: Imported modified polytetrafluoroethylene transparent hose with a diameter greater than 1.5mm reduces the chance of clogging by water sample particles. 8. Metering components: the precise metering of reagents is realized through the visible photoelectric system, which overcomes the quantitative error caused by the wear of the pump tube of the peristaltic pump; at the same time, it realizes the precise quantification of trace reagents, each dose is only 1--5 ml, which greatly reduces Reagent usage. 9. Signal processing: The instrument adopts imported high-precision analog-to-digital conversion chips, which greatly enhances the scalability of the core board, can adapt to various use environments, and makes the operation of the instrument easier and more humanized.

An ORP Probe: Understanding Its Role in Water Treatment Systems

When it comes to maintaining water quality, performing regular analysis is crucial. One of the essential tools for achieving this task is an ORP probe. ORP stands for Oxidation Reduction Potential. It is an instrument that measures the potential for a chemical reaction to occur in a specific environment, typically in the context of water treatment systems. This article will explore ORP probes in more detail and delve into what they are used for, how they work, and their importance in water treatment applications.

What is an ORP probe, and how does it function?

An ORP probe is a small and compact device that operates similarly to a pH meter. The key difference is that an ORP probe measures the electrical potential of a solution to permit the flow of electrons or oxidants across the solution. The probe is embedded into a sample and measures the voltage difference between two electrodes in the potential solution, which corresponds to the oxidation and reduction reactions happening within the solution. This value measured is expressed in millivolts (mV).

What are the primary uses of an ORP probe?

ORP probes are used for many applications, primarily in water treatment systems, where they play an essential role in maintaining water quality through oxidation-reduction reactions. In water treatment, ORP probes are essential in monitoring disinfection systems such as chlorination or ozonation, which use oxidants to purify water. Additionally, ORP probes are also critical in monitoring chemical reactions by measuring change in mV values over a period.

Subheading 1. Water Treatment Systems and ORP Probes

In water treatment systems, ORP probes are used to determine the presence of oxidizing or reducing agents in the water. Essentially, the ORP value tells a technician whether water disinfection is sufficient to remove any viruses or bacteria in the water. Disinfectants used in the water treatment systems, such as chlorine and ozone, are strong oxidizing agents that are used to kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens commonly found in water sources. ORP probes help to measure the oxidizing power of these chemicals to determine whether they can eliminate harmful pathogens.

Subheading 2. Importance of ORP Probes in Monitoring Chemical Reactions

Additionally, ORP probes are used to measure changes in mV values in chemical reactions over time. Chemical reactions are critical in industries that deal with corrosion, chemical processing or chemical manufacturing, and the electrode potential measurements using ORP probes play an essential role in monitoring and controlling reactions. ORP measurements are also helpful in determining if the concentration of chemicals in a solution is too high or too low.

Subheading 3. Factors that affect ORP probe measurement values

Many conditions affect ORP readings, including temperature, pH, and the concentration of ions present in the solution being measured. The most influential factor affecting ORP measurements is the pH of the solution. For example, if the pH is too low or high, it affects the ORP value. This means it will be challenging to accurately determine the oxidizing or reducing power of any chemical during treatment.

Subheading 4. Calibration of ORP Probes

ORP probes require careful calibration before use to ensure accurate readings. Calibration is done by exposing the electrode to buffers solutions with known ORP values. This will help to standardize the mV scale, which is necessary to provide reliable measurements. Calibration should be done periodically as the sensitivity of ORP probes changes with time and exposure to chemicals.

Subheading 5. Trouble Shooting of ORP Probes

There are several reasons why an ORP probe can produce erroneous readings. Some of these reasons include solutions with high ion concentrations, low pH levels, or electrolyte imbalances. Proper handling, storage, cleaning, and calibration can reduce the extent of problems encountered when using ORP probes. It is a good practice to inspect your probes and electrodes regularly for any signs of damage or corrosion.

Conclusion

ORP probes have multiple applications and are crucial instruments in maintaining water quality in water treatment systems. Accurate readings help water treatment professionals to determine the efficacy of disinfection treatments and ensure safe drinking water. Careful handling, calibration, and regular inspection are essential for the probe's proper functioning, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements.

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